

Correlates to urban density, but in a balanced way Support for vertical development of cities into 'air' as opposed to horizontal development (urban sprawl).

This can be differentiated between once avant-garde cities and current new tech adopters. Quality of decentralised neighbourhoods that are walkable and interconnected.Ī long standing history of trying new innovations and technologies applied to society. The age of the city since its first major urban/population incarnation, with older cities having higher tourism value. Presence of decorative features in buildings, and related sectors (stone masonry, carpentry, sculpture, street art).Ĭutting edge green buildings, experimental or new sustainable building designs.

Architectural complexity and layering of a city (architects refer to this as ‘grain’), balancing preservation and new building.
